City of York Council and Centre for Applied Human Rights

Human Rights and Equality Assessment Tool (HREAT)

An Equality Assessment Tool is an evidence-based approach designed to help organisations ensure that any Policy, Criterion or Practice (PCP), is fair and does not create barriers or disadvantage any protected groups from participation. This covers both strategic and operational activities. 

City of York Council (CYC) combines this approach with York’s commitment as a Human Rights City to produce a Human Rights and Equality Assessment tool (HREAT).

This document enables CYC to evidence its legal duty to give ‘due regard’ to those with protected characteristics under the Equality Act and consider Human Rights at the same time.

Whether a HREAT is needed or not will depend on the likely impact that a PCP may have and relevance of the activity to Equality and Human Rights. 

The HREAT should be started when the need for a new PCP is first identified, or when an existing one is reviewed. It is essential to continue to update the HREAT during the life of the PCP, as and when new information is learned. It is not complete until the PCP is complete.

Non-discrimination is a minimum standard. The development of the HREAT should prompt critical discussion and highlight disproportionate impacts.

Balancing residents’ rights and CYC duties can be very complex and sometimes there will be no ‘win-win’, so compromises or mitigations may need to be identified to ensure the best outcomes. 

Finally, the value in a HREAT is in both the short and long term, by investing in this process CYC will create robust, meaningful, and empowering policies that are more likely to stand the test of time.

Who is submitting the proposal?

Directorate		City Development
Service Area		Strategic Planning Policy
Name of proposal		Plan-making activity (Local Plan including Minerals and Waste planning)
Lead Officer		Alison Cooke – Head of Strategic Planning Policy
Date Assessment Started		21 July 2026
Date Assessment Completed		Ongoing
Names of those who contributed to the assessment
Name	Job Title		Organisation	Area of Expertise
Alison Stockdale	Strategic Planning Policy Manager		City of York Council	Strategic Planning

1.1	What is the purpose of the proposal
	Please explain your proposal in plain English avoiding acronyms and jargon.  Consider using Age 9 English.
	In April 2026, a report to Executive presented the forthcoming Plan-making activity being undertaken by City of York Council, as well as presenting a proposal to refresh York’s Local Plan.  An Equalities Impact Assessment was carried out to support the initial reporting of the intention to commence work on a new Local Plan – see https://democracy.york.gov.uk/documents/s188399/Item%208%20-%20Plan-making%20activity%20and%20Local%20Plan%20Review%20-%20Annex%20E.pdf As a Minerals and Waste Planning Authority we have a statutory duty to produce a Minerals and Waste Plan.  At the time of reporting on forthcoming Plan-making activity it was intended that our statutory duties on Minerals and Waste would be fulfilled by reviewing the joint Minerals and Waste Plan for York and North Yorkshire.  However, it is now intended that the Minerals and Waste Plan will form part of York’s new Local Plan. This report considers the proposed approach to Plan-making in relation to Minerals and Waste Planning. Minerals and Waste planning influences where extraction, processing, recycling, recovery, and disposal activities occur. These activities can affect: - Local air quality, noise, and traffic - Access to land, public rights of way, and community facilities - Employment opportunities - Environmental quality and long‑term health - Distribution of burdens and benefits across communities Because impacts are spatially uneven, the policy must ensure fair treatment and meaningful participation for all affected groups. Minerals and Waste policy is likely to have city-wide impacts and benefits.  Wider cross-boundary impacts are anticipated where this relates to the management and treatment of waste.

Step 1 – Aims and intended outcomes

1.2	Are there any external considerations?
	Legislation / government directive / codes of practice etc.
	Plan making activities must accord with the following legislation: · Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 (as amended) · Localism Act 2011 · Levelling Up and Regeneration Act 2023 (LURA 2023) · Planning and Infrastructure Act (PIA) 2025 · Town and Country Planning (Local Planning) (England) Regulations 2026 · The Neighbourhood Planning (General) Regulations 2012 · The Neighbourhood Planning (Referendums) Regulations 2012 Under the Town and Country Planning (Local Planning) (England) Regulations 2026, Local Authorities are required to publish a Local Plan Timetable for the preparation of new plans.  This is included within the plan-making activity schedule. A new National Planning Policy Framework expected in Autumn 2026 will provide the overarching policy context, with local plans expected to avoid duplication of national policy. This will dictate the content of plans. The Equality Act 2010 provides a legal framework to protect the rights of individuals and advance equality of opportunity for all. It provides a discrimination law which protects individuals from unfair treatment and promotes a fair and more equal society. Under the Act, the Gypsy, Roma and Traveller community are specifically protected under the protected characteristics for ‘Race’.

1.3	Who are the stakeholders and what are their interests?
	Consider both internal and external stakeholders.
	Plan-making in York is relevant to anyone who lives, works or carries out business in the authority.  This includes Local Communities, Voluntary and Community Sector, officers at City of York Council and Planning Agents and Developer community.  It also includes stakeholders, such as statutory consultees, who may have an interest in strategic planning in the city.

1.4	What results / outcomes do we want to achieve and for whom?
	Explain what outcomes you want to achieve for stakeholders, staff and the wider community.  Demonstrate how the proposal links to the Council Plan (2023- 2027) and other corporate strategies and plans. Highlight how the proposal meets the objectives of Equalities, Affordability, Climate and Health.
	York is operating within a rapidly changing policy, economic, social, and environmental context. National reforms to the planning system, regional strategies through the York and North Yorkshire Combined Authority, and evolving expectations on a complex range of issues require the Council to maintain an up-to-date spatial framework. Our local policy will be able to set an effective spatial response that optimises benefits for communities. The activity schedule focuses on delivery and implementation of the adopted local plan alongside implementation of the Community Infrastructure Levy, continuation of Neighbourhood Plan making, the updated Statement of Community Involvement and initiation of a Local Plan Review.  Each of these documents is subject to a separate decision to proceed. Since preparation of the current adopted Local Plan there has been significant city-wide strategy development in York, articulated in the city’s collective vision set out in ‘York 2032: The 10-Year Plan’.  The refreshed Local Plan, inclusive of minerals and waste policy, must reflect the city’s strategic ambitions as articulated in York 2032 and related strategies on climate change, the economy, health and wellbeing, transport, skills and culture. The plan will provide a coherent basis for delivering sustainable development across the city.  All of the above need to shape the development plan for the city. The proposal directly reflects the core aims of the Council Plan (One City for All – 2023-2037), equalities, affordability, climate action and population health.

Step 2 – Resources utilised

3.1	What sources of data, evidence and consultation feedback have you used to help understand the impact of the proposal on equality rights and human rights?
	Please consider a range of sources, including consultation exercises, surveys, feedback from staff, stakeholders, participants, research reports, the views of equality groups, as well your own experience of working in this area etc.
	Source of data / supporting evidence	Reason for using this source
	Statutory legislation (as set out in Section 1.2 above)	Sets the requirements and formal framework for plan-making
	National Planning Policy Guidance	Provides guidance about the requirements
	National Planning Policy Framework	National Planning Policy for England and how it should be applied.
	Stakeholder engagement	The new Local Plan including Minerals and Waste planning will update the existing adopted City of York Local Plan and Joint Minerals and Waste Plan for York and North Yorkshire.  Both plans were informed by significant and wide-reaching stakeholder engagement. The new plan-making system includes a minimum of 3 statutory consultation stages which should be advised by a consultation strategy. The proposal allows for approval of the consultation strategy to be delegated to the Director of City Development; this will set out in detail stakeholder mapping, events and how consultation will be conducted. Preparation will be subject to iterative HREAT and Environmental Outcome Reporting and these will be published at each statutory consultation stage and/or when applicable.
	York’s Adopted Local Plan (2025)	Provides the local policy framework against which the CIL, non-statutory guidance and neighbourhood Plans will be developed. This was subject to extensive consultation and public examination and is supported by evidence base, including iterative EIA.
	Adopted Minerals and Waste Joint Plan (2022)	Provides the local and cross-boundary policy framework against which forthcoming Minerals and Waste policy for York will be developed. This was subject to extensive consultation and public examination and is supported by evidence base, including iterative EIA.
	Community Infrastructure Levy (2025)	City-wide consultation on the Community Infrastructure levy charging schedule was undertaken schedule has been undertaken. This was supported by evidence base, EIA and was subject to public examination prior to adoption in November 2025.

Step 3 – Screening the impacts or effects.

3.1

Equality-related obligations derive from the Equality Act of 2010 and the Human Rights Act of 1998.

Once you have engaged with stakeholders you will need to identify how this proposal impacts on their human rights and equalities. Although table one looks complex, its purpose is to facilitate an initial screening of equalities and human rights impacts of your proposal. Many human rights and equalities will not be affected by the decision you are seeking Executive or Council approval for and so can be left blank. The aim here is to identify pressure points regarding human rights and equalities that require attention. Please see the Appendix for details of the protected characteristics and human rights to consider The rights listed below in the first column are the relevant ones from the Human Rights Act, and the York Human Rights City Network Indicator Report (non-discrimination, education, health and social care, housing, a decent standard of living). The human rights in the Indicator Report were selected by residents of York as their priority rights. In the first row the protected characteristics under the Equality Act are listed, to which ‘Everyone’ has been added to capture impacts that affect everyone without distinction.

Step 3.1 Table 1 – Screening the impacts or effects

Equalities Human Rights

Everyone

Age including financial, digital exclusion impacts

Disability Including financial, digital exclusion impacts

Gender

Gender reassign-ment Including Trans, Non-binary, Intersex

Marriage and civil partnership

Pregnancy and maternity

Race

Religion and belief

Sexual orientation

Carers inc  financial, digital exclusion impacts

Low-income groups inc financial, digital exclusion impacts

Veteran, armed forces community

Those with experience of Care

Right to life*

Yes

Prohibition of torture*

Neutral

Prohibition of slavery and forced labour*

Neutral

Right to liberty, movement and security (including freedom of movement)***

Neutral

Right to a fair trial*

Neutral

No punishment without law*

Neutral

Right to private and family life***

Neutral

Freedom of thought, conscience, and belief***

Neutral

Freedom of expression***

Neutral

Freedom of assembly***

Neutral

Right to marry***

Neutral

Right to property***

Neutral

Right to education***

Neutral

Right to free elections***

Neutral

Right to housing***

Neutral

Step 3.2 Table 2 – Assessing the impact of your proposal

Here you will need to record the details on all the impacts identified for both Human Rights and those with Protected Characteristics.

Where you have identified an impact on a protected characteristic/human right in the table above, please indicate whether this is positive or negative and give a description of this impact. If you run out of rows, please add as necessary.

Rights clashes and restrictions

Where rights clash or are being restricted, you will need to explain how the decision has been taken, that the limitation on human rights is provided by law, for a legitimate purpose (justified), and proportionate (the minimum necessary restriction on rights).

Use the following guidance to inform your responses:

First, think about what equalities or rights might be engaged by the proposal, and describe the likely impact of the proposal, and provide an evaluation.

Use the following questions to inform your responses if human rights or equalities are limited or qualified in any way:

· Why are a person’s rights being restricted?

· What is the problem being addressed by the restriction on someone’s rights?

· Will the restriction lead to a reduction in the problem?

· Does that restriction involve a blanket policy, or does it allow for different cases to be treated differently?

· Does a less restrictive alternative exist?

· Has sufficient regard been paid to the rights and interests of those affected?

· Do safeguards exist against error or abuse?

Table 2

Protected Characteristics or Human Rights	Key findings / impacts	Positive (+) Negative (-) (Neutral (0)	High (H) Medium (M) Low (L)
Age	For plan-making, there will be opportunities to engage with all age groups through various consultation stages; this will be outlined in forthcoming consultation strategies. Overall, the Local Plan and planning policy may consider age specific spatial policy; this is to be determined and will be reported on in the future.	+	L
	Sustainability Appraisal and SEA previously identified that Minerals and Waste operations can affect air quality, noise, dust, and water pollution, impacting on the right to life (health). In mitigation, policy must ensure: - Strict environmental controls - Site-selection safeguards - Monitoring and transparent reporting - Avoidance of disproportionate impacts on vulnerable groups, including on the protected characteristics of age and disability. This will be informed by engaging with a wide range of stakeholders throughout the plan-making process.	0 (unknown at this stage)	L
Disability	For plan-making, there will be opportunities to engage and work with those who identify as either having an impairment or being a disabled person through various consultation stages; this will be outlined in forthcoming consultation strategies. The Local Plan and planning policy guidance may consider disability specific spatial policy; this is to be determined and will be reported on in the future	+	L
	Sustainability Appraisal and SEA previously identified that Minerals and Waste operations can affect air quality, noise, dust, and water pollution, impacting on the right to life (health). In mitigation, policy must ensure: - Strict environmental controls - Site selection safeguards - Monitoring and transparent reporting - Avoidance of disproportionate impacts on vulnerable groups, including on the protected characteristics of age and disability. This will be informed by engaging with a wide range of stakeholders throughout the plan-making process.	0 (unknown at this stage)	L
Gender reassignment	This proposal is not expected to impact on that characteristic	0	N/A
Marriage and Civil Partnership	This proposal is not expected to impact on that characteristic	0	N/A
Pregnancy and Maternity	Sustainability Appraisal and SEA previously identified that Minerals and Waste operations can affect air quality, noise, dust, and water pollution, impacting on the right to life (health). In mitigation, policy must ensure: - Strict environmental controls - Site selection safeguards - Monitoring and transparent reporting - Avoidance of disproportionate impacts on vulnerable groups, including on the protected characteristics of age and disability. This will be informed by engaging with a wide range of stakeholders throughout the plan-making process.	0 (unknown)	L
	For plan-making, there will be opportunities to engage with pregnant people through various consultation stages; this will be outlined in forthcoming consultation strategies.	+	L
Race	Mixed use Gypsy and Traveller sites are more likely to be located in industrial areas and therefore disproportionately more likely to be impacted by industrial/waste management uses. In mitigation, policy should avoid the co-location of sensitive receptors.	0 (unknown)	L
	For plan-making, there will be opportunities to engage and work with harder to reach groups such as gypsies and travellers; this will be outlined in forthcoming consultation strategies.	+	L
Religion and Belief	This proposal is not expected to impact on that characteristic	0	N/A
Sex	This proposal is not expected to impact on that characteristic	0	N/A
Sexual Orientation	This proposal is not expected to impact on that characteristic	0	N/A

Other social – economic groups
Carer	This proposal is not expected to impact on that characteristic. However, there is potential for this group to be considered as part of future evidence base	0	N/A
	For plan-making, there will be opportunities to engage with carers through various consultation stages; this will be outlined in forthcoming consultation strategies.	+	L
Care Leavers	This proposal is not expected to impact on that characteristic. However, there is potential for this group to be considered as part of future evidence base	0	N/A
	For plan-making, there will be opportunities to engage with carer leavers through various consultation stages; this will be outlined in forthcoming consultation strategies.	+	L
Low income groups	While the wider Local Plan outlines the production of non-statutory guidance in relation to affordable housing which will support affordable housing provision, the Minerals and Waste Plan is not itself expected to impact on that characteristic. However, there is potential for this group to be considered as part of future evidence base	0	N/A
Veterans and armed Forces	This proposal is not expected to impact on that characteristic. However, there is potential for this group to be considered as part of future evidence base.	0	N/A
Other	N/A
Human Rights (list any rights impacted)
Right to Life	Age, disability and race (Gypsy and Traveller communities) are identified as particularly sensitive receptors in relation to minerals and waste planning.  While Minerals and Waste development may affect life expectancy, the plan will recognise this risk and avoid any potential conflict.	0 (unknown)	L

Step 4 – Gaps in data and knowledge

4.1	What are the main gaps in information and understanding of the impact of your proposal?
	When conducting your screening, you may have discovered gaps in data or knowledge that make it difficult to assess whether your proposal had a positive or negative impact on human rights/equalities. Please indicate actions you will take to resolve this gap. As your proposal progresses you may be able to resolve this knowledge gap –please indicate when it was resolved.
	Gaps in data or knowledge	Action to deal with this	Date resolved
	Full details of the new plan-making system and revised NPPF are not yet available; these are being  incrementally released by MHCLG.	Officers to keep up to date with changes in planning policy and guidance.	Ongoing
	Full impacts of the new Local Plan including Minerals and Waste Plan cannot be known until it has been progressed	Further information will be gained via public consultation at statutory stages and continued annual monitoring of the adopted Local Plan.	Ongoing

Step 5 - Maximising positive impacts

5.1	What has been done to optimise opportunities to advance equality / human rights or foster good relations?
	The plan-making process is in its early scoping stages and positive impacts are not yet measurable. The Local Plan will be subject to ongoing HREAT, including at consultation stages, and including Minerals and Waste policy considerations.

Step 6 – Recommendations and conclusions of the assessment

6.1	Having considered the potential or actual impacts you should be in a position to make an informed judgement on what should be done. In all cases, document your reasoning that justifies your decision.
	Important: If there are any adverse impacts you cannot mitigate, please provide a compelling reason in the justification column.  There are four main options you can take:
	No major change to the proposal	The HREAT demonstrates the proposal is robust.  There is no potential for unlawful discrimination or adverse impact and you have taken all opportunities to advance equality / human rights and foster good relations, subject to continuing monitor and review.
	Adjust the proposal	The HREAT identifies potential problems or missed opportunities. This involves taking steps to remove any barriers, to better advance quality or to foster good relations.
	Continue with the proposal (despite the potential for adverse impact)	You should clearly set out the justifications for doing this and how you believe the decision is compatible with our obligations
	Stop and remove the proposal	If there are adverse effects that are not justified and cannot be mitigated, you should consider stopping the proposal altogether. If a proposal leads to unlawful discrimination it should be removed or changed.

Option Selected	Conclusion / justifications
No major change to the proposal	The HREAT demonstrates the proposal is robust at this stage. There are opportunities to advance equality and foster good relations through targeted and specific consultation in plan-making, which will be subject to continuing monitoring and review. HREAT will continue as an iterative process throughout plan-making.

Step 7 – Summary of agreed actions resulting from the assessment

7.1	What action, by whom, will be undertaken as a result of the impact assessment.
	List below the actions or mitigations that have been identified and who will be responsible to carrying them out.  Add as many lines as you need.
	Impact / Issue	Actions to be taken	Person Responsible	Timescale
	Review of adopted Local Plan implications	Monitoring of adopted Local Plan and the impact of Minerals and Waste policy to inform future Local Plan production	Alison Cooke	Annual
	HREAT of new Local Plan and Minerals and Waste Plan	Future HREAT to consider the impact and implications of evidence base/new and revised Minerals and Waste policy	Alison Cooke	TBC – aligned to relevant stages of Local Plan production. HREAT to be undertaken prior to statutory consultation and published as part of the suite of evidence.

Step 8 - Monitor, review and improve

8.1	How will the impact of your proposal be monitored and improved upon going forward?
	Consider how will you identify the impact of activities on protected characteristics, other marginalised groups and human rights going forward? How will any learning and enhancements be capitalised on and embedded?
	The Local Plan Timetable and Activity Schedule will be updated as necessary to ensure the plan-making timetable remains up-to-date. Iterative HREAT will also be carried out to inform Local Plan preparation and will be published as part of statutory consultations and/or when relevant. The adopted Local Plan (2025) and Joint Minerals and Waste Plan policies continue to be monitored in accordance with an agreed monitoring framework and reported through the statutory Annual Monitoring Report. This will be used to inform the detail of future plan-making. Once adopted it is anticipated that the new Local Plan will be monitored annually and reviewed every 5 years, in line with the Regulations.

Appendix A

Equality, Diversity & Inclusion (EDI): Protected characteristics

Under the public sector duties introduced by the Equality Act 2010 public bodies must have due regard for the need to:

· Eliminate unlawful discrimination, harassment and victimisation and other conduct prohibited by the act, such as the failure to make reasonable adjustments for disabled people

· Advance equality of opportunity between people who share a protected characteristic and those who do not

· Foster good relations between people who share a protected characteristic and those who do not

These duties relate to the nine protected characteristic groups defined by the Equality Act 2010 (outlined in the table below).

The Council recognises that a person’s socio-economic background and whether they live in a rural or urban location can be important factors in determining fair access to services, employment and treatment. When carrying out analysis, you must also consider socio-economic issues and rural / urban location issues. In addition to the nine protected characteristic the HREAT includes the following equality groups:

· Carers

· Low income groups

· Veterans, armed forces community

· Experience of care/Other (other groups that are impacted)

Human rights differ from equalities in two main ways:

- First, human rights apply to everyone and not just groups with protected characteristics.

- Second, they allow for the balancing of rights, priorities, and risks. Many rights are not absolute and can be limited or qualified in particular circumstances.

The following guidance identifies which rights are most likely to be engaged by proposals in certain policy areas. This doesn’t mean that you should not consider whether other rights might be engaged.

There are three types of human rights in the Human Rights Act:

Absolute rights:  Cannot be breached in any circumstances e.g. right to life and to protection from torture and inhuman or degrading treatment.

Limited rights: can only be restricted in specific situations e.g. a person can be deprived of their liberty if they are convicted of an offence and imprisoned.

Qualified rights: human rights can be restricted if it is in the interests of the wider community or to protect other people’s rights e.g. freedom of movement and assembly were restricted during the Covid-19 pandemic in the interests of public health.

As limited and qualified rights are not absolute, they sometimes have to be balanced in decision making. In Table 1, absolute rights are indicated with an *; limited rights with a **; and qualified rights with a ***.

Right	Description	Focus Area
Right to life	Nobody, including the Government, can take someone’s life away. Public authorities must take appropriate measures to safeguard life including by protecting people whose life might be in danger. Public authorities should also consider the right to life when making decisions that might endanger or affect life expectancy. When public officials may be involved in an instance when someone died, public authorities must investigate.	· Benefits and money · Births, deaths and marriages · Children and families · Environment and animals · Health and social care · Housing · Planning and building · Waste and recycling
Right to liberty and security	It focuses on protecting individuals’ freedom from unreasonable detention, as opposed to protecting personal safety. However, there is case law from other jurisdictions where this right also covers personal safety in conditions other than detention.	· Right to liberty and security

Freedom from torture and inhuman or degrading treatment	Torture consists in causing very serious and cruel physical or mental pain or suffering. Inhuman treatment or punishment is treatment which causes intense physical or mental suffering. Degrading treatment means treatment that is extremely humiliating and undignified. Inhuman or degrading treatment could include: serious physical assault; very severe detention conditions or restraints; serious physical or  psychological abuse in a health or care setting.	· Children and families · Health and social care
Right to marry and start a family	Right of men and women of marriageable age to marry and to start a family.	· Births, deaths and marriages
Prohibition of slavery and forced labour	Slavery is when someone owns someone else like a piece of property. Servitude is when someone provides services to a person for no reward and is unable to stop due to coercion. Forced or compulsory labour is when someone is forced to do work to which they have not agreed to, under the tHREAT of punishment.	· Children and families · Jobs, training and volunteering · People and communities
Right to a fair trial	This right is triggered when someone is charged with a criminal offence and have to go to court, or a public authority is making a decision that has an impact on someone’s civil rights or obligations.	· Environment and animals · Health and social care · People and communities · Streets, roads and pavements
No punishment without law	No one can be charged with a criminal offence for an action that was not a crime when it was committed. Public authorities must explain clearly what counts as a criminal offence so that people know when they are breaking the law.	· Environment and animals · People and communities · Streets, roads and pavements
Right to property	No public authority, without very good reason can take away one’s property, which may include things like land, houses, objects, shares, licences, leases, patents, money, pensions and certain types of welfare benefits. This right applies to companies as well as individuals.	· Benefits and money · Business · Council tax · Environment and animals · Housing · Planning and building · Travel and transport · Streets, roads & pavements · Waste and recycling
Right to private and family life, home and correspondence	This includes one’s right to determine their sexual orientation, lifestyle, and the way one looks and dresses. It also includes the right to control who sees and touches one’s body. It further covers one’s right to develop their personal identity and to forge friendships and other relationships, the right to participate in essential economic, social, cultural and leisure activities. In some circumstances, public authorities may need to facilitate the enjoyment of one’s right to a private life, including their ability to participate in society. It also means that personal information about anyone (including official records, photographs, letters, diaries and medical records) should be kept securely and not shared without their permission, except in certain circumstances.	· Benefits and money · Births, deaths and marriages · Children and families · Health and social care · Jobs, training and volunteering · Parking and permits · Planning and building · Schools and education · Sports and leisure
Right to free elections	Public authorities must support the right to free expression by holding free elections at reasonable intervals. These elections must enable anyone to vote in secret.	· Births, deaths and marriages · People and communities
Freedom of thought, conscience and belief	This may include the right to change religion or beliefs, the right to put one’s thoughts and beliefs into action, for example by exercising the right to wear religious clothing, the right to talk about one’s own beliefs or take part in religious worship. Public authorities cannot stop anyone from practising their religion, without very good reason.  This right protects a wide range of non-religious beliefs including atheism, agnosticism, veganism and pacifism. This includes the right to express views aloud (for example through public protest and demonstrations) or through published articles, books or leaflets, television or radio broadcasting, works of art, the internet and social media. It further protects the right to receive information from other people by, for example, being part of an audience or reading a magazine.	· Business · Schools and education
Freedom of expression	This includes the right to express views aloud (for example through public protest and demonstrations) or through published articles, books or leaflets, television or radio broadcasting, works of art, the internet and social media. It further protects the right to receive information from other people by, for example, being part of an audience or reading a magazine.	· Business · Environment and animals · People and communities · Schools and education · Sports and leisure
Freedom of assembly and association	This encompasses the right to form and be part of a trade union, a political party or any another association or voluntary group. Nobody has the right to force anyone to join a protest, trade union, political party or another association.	· Environment and animals · Jobs, training and volunteering · People and communities · Travel and transport · Streets, roads and pavements
Right to education	This right protects one’s right to an effective education within the UK's existing educational institutions. It relates to primary, secondary, and higher education. Parents have a right to ensure that their religious and philosophical beliefs are respected during their children’s education.	· Children and families · Environment and animals · Jobs, training and volunteering · People and communities · Schools and education · Sports and leisure
Right to housing	Adequate housing must provide more than four walls and a roof. For housing to be adequate, it must, at a minimum, meet the following criteria: Security of tenure, that is legal protection against forced evictions, harassment and other tHREATs; availability of services, materials, facilities and infrastructure; affordability, which means that housing is not adequate if its cost tHREATens or compromises the occupants’ enjoyment of other human rights;  Habitability, which relates to physical safety or adequate space, as well as protection against the cold, damp, heat, rain, wind, other tHREATs to health and structural hazards; accessibility, in that it must accommodate the specific needs of disadvantaged and marginalised groups; location, which means that it must not be cut off from employment opportunities, health-care services, schools, childcare centres and other social facilities, or it must not be located in polluted or dangerous areas; cultural adequacy, which means that it must respect and take into account the expression of cultural identity.	· Benefits and money · Housing · People and communities · Planning and building · Waste and recycling